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Burbank is a town in western Osage County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 141 at the 2010 census, a 9 percent decrease from 155 at the 2000 census.〔(MuniNet Guide: Burbank, Oklahoma )〕 ==History== Burbank was founded in 1903 on the Osage Indian Reservation. The founder was Anthony "Gabe" Carlton, a mixed-blood Osage and a Chouteau family descendant, who owned the townsite and named it after the artist Elbridge Ayer Burbank (1858-1949) who spent his life painting the Indians of over 125 tribes. Burbank had about 200 residents and an economy based on farming and ranching until May 1920 when E.W. Marland discovered petroleum northeast of the town. Burbank became a boom town, and other towns in the area such as Whizbang sprang up overnight to exploit the rich petroleum resources. The Burbank field was mostly located in Osage County but extended into Kay County. The Burbank field extended over an area about long and wide. Burbank quickly grew into a town of 3,000 people.〔(Jon D. May, "Burbank," ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.'' Accessed 31 Oct 2011 )〕 Several major petroleum companies participated in the exploitation of the Burbank Field. Leases of oil land were obtained from the Osage Indians, usually by auction under the "Million Dollar Elm" tree in Pawhuska, the county seat and capital of the Osage Indians. Colonel Ellsworth Walters was the auctioner and more than a million dollars was often bid for the mineral rights to 160 acre (65 ha) tracts in the Burbank Field. Rich and famous oilmen such as Marland, Frank Phillips, L. E. Phillips, Waite Phillips, and William G. Skelly stood in the shade of the Elm tree and bid in the auctions. Oil production in the Burbank field expanded from 134,408 barrels in 1920 to a peak production of 26,206,741 barrels in 1923. Production dropped by one-half in 1926 and by 1930 the boom period was over. Burbank’s population dropped to 372 in 1930. The value of the 160 million barrels the Burbank field produced during its heyday was almost 286 million dollars.〔Franks, Kenny A. ''The Oklahoma Petroleum Industry''. Norman:U of OK Press,1980, pp 103-104〕 The Osage tribe and its members received $45 million in royalties from the Burbank field in the 1920s.〔Franks, p. 104〕 The Osage, unlike many tribes, had retained collective ownership of mineral rights on their former reservation. Osage with a full headright (those on the 1906 tribal roll) received up to $15,000 each annually in oil royalties, the equivalent of more than $150,000 in 2010 dollars.〔(Corey Bone,"Osage Oil" ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''. ) Accessed 31 Oct 2011.〕 The Osage were the "richest people in the world."〔''The New York Times'', June 25, 1921, page 3〕 Elbridge Ayer Burbank (1858-1949) was an American artist born on in Harvard, Illinois. A painter of portraits of Native Americans whose work is represented in the Field Museum, the Newberry Library in Chicago, and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. In his first job for Northwest Magazine, after graduating from the Chicago Art Academy, Burbank traveled along the territory of the Northern Pacific Railway, across the Rockies to the Pacific Coast, painting scenes which would sell the area to potential homesteaders. He then studied in Munich, Germany under Paul Nauen and Frederic Fehr in 1886, alongside Leigh, Sharp, and Rosenthal. Returning to Chicago in 1892. In 1895, Edward E. Ayer of Chicago, first president of the Field Columbian Museum, and E. A. Burbank's uncle commissioned a series of Western Indian portraits. Burbank finished the commission and for years continued through the tribes of the Southwest, the West and the Pacific coastland. In 1899 Burbank painted the first portrait of Geronimo at Fort Sill, he was the only artist to paint Geronimo from life. Burbank depicted the leaders of 125 tribes in more than 1,200 works including Chiefs Joseph, Sitting Bull, Rain-in-the-Face, Curley, and Red Cloud. Given the Indian name Many Brushes, his autobiography was Burbank among the Indians. E. A. Burbank died on April 21, 1949 in San Francisco, California after being struck by a cable car. Burbank's work is regarded as historically important. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burbank, Oklahoma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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